Governo del principio e primato dell’altro. Note su una proposta di “ritrattazione” della metafisica

Abstract

After Kant and Nietzsche, the thought of the last century, as is known, tried to settle accounts with metaphysics in various ways, proposing, from time to time, an "overcoming" (Carnap), a "repetition" (Heidegger ), a “deconstruction” (Derrida), a “minimization” (Rorty) and even a “destitution” (Marion). In each of these cases, however, a "retraction" of metaphysics is at stake, in the sense of a critical confrontation with its bold and all-encompassing claim to truth. A claim that Gustavo Bontadini, taking up a Platonic suggestion, considered possible only in the form of a "short speech", that is, as a demonstration of a transcendent principle through the use of a few but decisive essential arguments. However, there are also those who, to the "short discourse", prefer the long way of a patient dialogue with some of the great names who have marked the history of metaphysics, reread in the light of a structure which, more or less secretly, would have guided oriented the reflections. And this is precisely the guiding idea of the recent volume Ritrattazioni della metafisica. La ripresa conflittuale di una via ai principi (Ets, Pisa 2014), by Leonardo Samonà, which deals with the essential core of the perspectives of Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Hegel and Heidegger, not without some significant incursions into the thought of Descartes, Adorno , Gadamer and, above all, Wittgenstein.