Geoscience workshops on Sicilian active volcanoes: implementing the school education through collaboration among different institutions

Abstract

The attention devoted to our valuable geological heritage land has been often lacking in Italy. We have experiencedit, as field experimentalist or as science teachers. So, we need to improve the knowledge of Earth-science at anyeducational level and we think an empiric approach, can be the proper beginning for a successful scientific cognitivepath. The geo-tourism essentially attracts foreigners. During our field experiences on active volcanoes, we are stillsurprised by local visitors who enjoy seasonal activities, like skiing on the flanks of Etna, or doing sea activities on thecoastal beaches at Vulcano and Stromboli, but who are not interested in the ongoing volcanic processes. Consequently,we have integrated the social impetus that drives active citizenship with school education in order to relate our scientificknowledge to the professional and existential needs of young students. Two scientific workshops have been carried outin collaboration with the science school teacher, the researcher of a naturalistic association (Geode), and researchers ofthe INGV. The first (A.Y. 2015/2016) was targeted to the Aeolian isles of Vulcano and Stromboli, the second to M.Etna (2016/2017).Set goals:- to increase the sensibility, respect and care for natural environment, as well as the awareness of the naturalphenomena characterizing it;- to overcome the traditional school setting organized in the classroom, using both field and laboratory approach;- use a more effective (and attractive) teaching style to increase young people cognitive abilities, training also therelational skills, like work ethics, orally speaking, and teamworks;- to foster the multi-disciplinar approach for solving complex problems;- to contaminate disciplines with digital technologies highlighting instrumental potentiality and versatility;- to orient young people into future professional applications.The didactic pathway provided information on geology, volcanology and on botanic-naturalistic aspects of theAeolian archipelago, Mount Etna and surrounding areas. We formed groups of students, heterogeneous for class andaddress, ranging from 28 to 35 items. The didactic experience consisted into theoretical lessons in the classroom andexcursions by land and by sea, through the most significant itineraries of Vulcano, Stromboli and Etna (Monti Rossi,Alcantara Gorges). The students were introduced to the volcanologist's task in the field of volcanic surveillance,through an operational approach. Volcanic surveillance is a fast evolving multi-disciplinar research field, aimed to themitigation of risk. The application of geochemical and of geophysical principles and instrumentations, allow to monitorsome changes of energy release occurring in volcanic system.Field activities have provided: a) learning of the main notions of orienteering (geographic map reading, compass,GPS, Google Earth); b) petrologic recognition in field and by microscope; c) sampling of volcanic fluids emitted fromthe fumaroles on the rim of the crater; d) simulation of geochemical explorations, using temperature and pH sensors ona mesh of acquisition points; e) identification of the main botanical species, typical of the visited areas.By returning the campaign data, students shared the acquired data and prepared a final presentation with somedigital software: virtual padlet, power point presentation, genially presentation. The students' cognitive and soft skillswere evaluated as inputs and outputs from the workshops, to qualify the experience, highlighting strengths andweaknesses in the perspective of continuous improvement.Following the release of L.107 / 2015 "La Buona Scuola", this workshop experience has been recognized as aschool-work didactic method (“Alternanza Scuola Lavoro”) for high schools (L.107/2015 art.1, 33 – 43). In fact, one ofthe training objectives set out in Art. 1c.7e;i, is the deepening of the methodological dimension by expansion andinnovation of teaching strategies.