First characterization of Gamkonora gas emission, North Maluku, East Indonesia
- Autori: Saing U.B.; Bani P.; Haerani N.; Aiuppa A.; Primulyana S.; Alfianti H.; Syahbana D.K.; Kristianto
- Anno di pubblicazione: 2020
- Tipologia: Articolo in rivista
- OA Link: http://hdl.handle.net/10447/498842
Abstract
Gamkonora is an active volcano capable of intense manifestations that regularly forced thousands of inhabitants to flee their villages. The most extreme eruption, in 1673, was a VEI 5 event that induced pitch-dark environment over the region. Paradoxically, little is known about Gamkonora volcano and here we present the first gas measurement results obtained in September 2018 using a MultiGAS and a scanning DOAS. Results highlight a relatively small but magmatic gas with a CO2/ST of 3.5, in the range of high-temperature gas emissions from Indonesian volcanoes and H2O/SO2, CO2/SO2, H2S/SO2, and H2/SO2 ratios of 135, 5.6, 0.6, and 0.2, respectively. The daily gas emission budget corresponds to 129 t, 13 t, 3.4 t, 1.1 t, and 0.03 t for H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S, and H2, respectively. Bulk rock analyses indicate a basaltic andesite to andesite source beneath Gamkonora.