Hydrothermal synthesis of ceramic-wood composites: Enhancing optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties

Abstract

This study introduces an in situ hydrothermal approach supplemented with a vacuum stage for wood modification using gadolinium phosphate (GdPO4) doped with europium. The objective is to produce bio-based ceramic functional materials with enhanced optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties. A key challenge in wood modification research is the uniform distribution and impregnation of functional nanoparticles which this study addresses through vacuum-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Optical and magnetic property measurements confirmed the successful formation of GdPO4 particles within the wood matrix. Scanning electron microscopy and micro-CT analysis revealed improved penetration depth and even distribution of nanoparticles compared to conventional methods. Additionally, FTIR, NMR, and XRD analyses provided insights into the chemical modifications and crystalline structure changes induced by the synthesis conditions. These findings demonstrate the potential of wood-ceramic composites for applications in fire-retardant coatings, lightweight construction materials, and multifunctional sensors.