A Novel Plasmonic Nanoantenna-Based Approach for Terahertz Energy Harvesting

Abstract

This work presents the design, simulation, and characterization of a novel plasmonic nanoantenna called VFork nanoantenna, for terahertz energy harvesting. The proposed structure, consisting of gold on a silicon substrate with an ultra-thin chromium adhesion layer, is designed to optimize localized surface plasmon resonance, enhancing electromagnetic field confinement at the nanoscale. The nanoantenna, operating at 28.3 THz, exhibits significant near-field enhancement, with maximum electric field concentration at the tips, and a directivity of 7.59 dBi in the single-element configuration. Expanding the design to a 2×2 array further improves performance, achieving a directivity of 9.54 dBi and enhancing power collection efficiency. The impedance analysis demonstrates excellent matching, with S11 reaching -67 dB, minimizing reflection losses. These results confirm the V-Fork nanoantenna as a promising candidate for high-efficiency THz energy harvesting applications.