Vulnerable Narcissism and Sense of Community Among Adolescents: The Role of Self-Esteem and Use of Social Media

Abstract

This study investigated the relationships among vulnerable narcissism, the use of social network sites (SNSs), self-esteem, and sense of community among adolescents. Based on a sample of 381 high school students, we explored whether vulnerable narcissism, exacerbated by the use of SNSs and low self-esteem, contributes to difficulties in establishing community relationships. Hypotheses were tested to examine the associations among narcissism, sense of community, and self-esteem, with the use of SNSs as a moderating factor. The results indicated a negative relationship between narcissism and sense of community, with self-esteem mediating this relationship. Furthermore, the low or high use of SNSs moderates the negative relationship between narcissism and sense of community and self-esteem such that with high use of social media, the relationship becomes positive. These findings suggest that vulnerable-narcissist adolescents use social sites as facilitators of community relationships and support of their self-esteem. Conversely, adolescents with low usage are less inclined to support real-life comparisons, perceiving the community as a dangerous testing ground to avoid. This study highlights the importance of addressing vulnerable narcissism and the use of SNSs in interventions aimed at promoting community involvement and well-being among adolescents.