Search for Ultra-high-energy Neutrons from Galactic Sources with the Pierre Auger Observatory
- Autori: Abdul Halim, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Allekotte, I.; Almeida Cheminant, K.; Almela, A.; Aloisio, R.; Alvarez-Muniz, J.; Ambrosone, A.; Ammerman Yebra, J.; Anchordoqui, L.; Andrada, B.; Andrade Dourado, L.; Apollonio, L.; Aramo, C.; Arnone, E.; Arteaga Velazquez, J.C.; Assis, P.; Avila, G.; Avocone, E.; Bakalova, A.; Baluta, A.; Barbato, F.; Bartz Mocellin, A.; Berat, C.; Bertaina, M.E.; Bianciotto, M.; Biermann, P.L.; Binet, V.; Bismark, K.; Bister, T.; Biteau, J.; Blazek, J.; Blumer, J.; Bohacova, M.; Boncioli, D.; Bonifazi, C.; Borodai, N.; Brack, J.; Brichetto Orchera, P.G.; Bueno, A.; Buitink, S.; Busken, M.; Bwembya, A.; Caballero-Mora, K.S.; Cabana-Freire, S.; Caccianiga, L.; Campuzano, F.; Caraca-Valente, J.; Caruso, R.; Castellina, A.; Catalani, F.; Cataldi, G.; Cazon, L.; Cerda, M.; Cermakova, B.; Cermenati, A.; Cerny, K.; Chinellato, J.A.; Chudoba, J.; Chytka, L.; Clay, R.W.; Cobos Cerutti, A.C.; Colalillo, R.; Conceicao, R.; Consolati, G.; Conte, M.; Convenga, F.; Correia Dos Santos, D.; Costa, P.J.; Covault, C.E.; Cristinziani, M.; Cruz Sanchez, C.S.; Dasso, S.; Daumiller, K.; Dawson, B.R.; De Almeida, R.M.; De Boone, E.-.; De Errico, B.; De Jesus, J.; De Jong, S.J.; De Mello Neto, J.R.T.; De Mitri, I.; De Oliveira Franco, D.; De Palma, F.; De Souza, V.; De Vito, E.; Del Popolo, A.; Deligny, O.; Denner, N.; Denner Syrokvas, K.; Deval, L.; Di Matteo, A.; Dobrigkeit, C.; D'Olivo, J.C.; Domingues Mendes, L.M.; Dominguez Ballesteros, Y.; Dorosti, Q.; Anjos, R.C.; Ebr, J.; Ellwanger, F.; Engel, R.; Epicoco, I.; Erdmann, M.; Etchegoyen, A.; Evoli, C.; Falcke, H.; Farrar, G.; Fauth, A.C.; Fehler, T.; Feldbusch, F.; Fernandes, A.; Fernandez Alonso, M.; Fick, B.; Figueira, J.M.; Filip, P.; Filipcic, A.; Fitoussi, T.; Flaggs, B.; Fodran, T.; Franco, A.; Freitas, M.; Fujii, T.; Fuster, A.; Galea, C.; Garcia, B.; Gaudu, C.; Ghia, P.L.; Giaccari, U.; Glaser, C.; Gobbi, F.; Gollan, F.; Golup, G.; Gomez Berisso, M.; Gomez Vitale, P.F.; Gongora, J.P.; Gonzalez, J.M.; Gonzalez, N.; Gora, D.; Gorgi, A.; Gottowik, M.; Guarino, F.; Guedes, G.P.; Gulzow, L.; Hahn, S.; Hamal, P.; Hampel, M.R.; Hansen, P.; Harvey, V.M.; Haungs, A.; Hebbeker, T.; Hojvat, C.; Horandel, J.R.; Horvath, P.; Hrabovsky, M.; Huege, T.; Insolia, A.; Isar, P.G.; Ismaiel, M.; Janecek, P.; Jilek, V.; Kampert, K.-.; Keilhauer, B.; Khakurdikar, A.; Kizakke Covilakam, V.V.; Klages, H.O.; Kleifges, M.; Kohler, J.; Krieger, F.; Kubatova, M.; Kunka, N.; Lago, B.L.; Langner, N.; Leal, N.; Leigui De Oliveira, M.A.; Lema-Capeans, Y.; Letessier-Selvon, A.; Lhenry-Yvon, I.; Lopes, L.; Lundquist, J.P.; Mallamaci, M.; Mancuso, S.; Mandat, D.; Mantsch, P.; Mariani, F.M.; Mariazzi, A.G.; Maris, I.C.; Marsella, G.; Martello, D.; Martinelli, S.; Martins, M.A.; Martinez Bravo, O.; Mathes, H.-.; Matthews, J.; Matthiae, G.; Mayotte, E.; Mayotte, S.; Mazur, P.O.; Medina-Tanco, G.; Meinert, J.; Melo, D.; Menshikov, A.; Merx, C.; Michal, S.; Micheletti, M.I.; Miramonti, L.; Mogarkar, M.; Mollerach, S.; Montanet, F.; Morejon, L.; Mulrey, K.; Mussa, R.; Namasaka, W.M.; Negi, S.; Nellen, L.; Nguyen, K.; Nicora, G.; Niechciol, M.; Nitz, D.; Nosek, D.; Novikov, A.; Novotny, V.; Nozka, L.; Nucita, A.; Nunez, L.A.; Nuza, S.E.; Ochoa, J.; Olegario, M.; Oliveira, C.; Ostman, L.; Palatka, M.; Pallotta, J.; Panja, S.; Parente, G.; Paulsen, T.; Pawlowsky, J.; Pech, M.; Pekala, J.; Pelayo, R.; Pelgrims, V.; Pereira Martins, E.E.; Perez Bertolli, C.; Perrone, L.; Petrera, S.; Petrucci, C.; Pierog, T.; Pimenta, M.; Platino, M.; Pont, B.; Pourmohammad Shahvar, M.; Privitera, P.; Priyadarshi, C.; Prouza, M.; Pytel, K.; Querchfeld, S.; Rautenberg, J.; Ravignani, D.; Reginatto Akim, J.V.; Reuzki, A.; Ridky, J.; Riehn, F.; Risse, M.; Rizi, V.; Rodriguez, E.; Rodriguez Fernandez, G.; Rodriguez Rojo, J.; Rossoni, S.; Roth, M.; Roulet, E.; Rovero, A.C.; Saftoiu, A.; Saharan, M.; Salamida, F.; Salazar, H.; Salina, G.; Sampathkumar, P.; Martin, N.S.; Sanabria Gomez, J.D.; Sanchez, F.; Santos, E.; Sarazin, F.;
- Anno di pubblicazione: 2026
- Tipologia: Articolo in rivista
- OA Link: http://hdl.handle.net/10447/708875
Abstract
Deflections in the propagation of charged ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) caused by magnetic fields make the identification of their sources challenging. On the other hand, the arrival directions at Earth of neutrons point directly to their origin. The emission of UHECRs from a source is expected to be accompanied by the production of neutrons in its vicinity through interactions with ambient matter and radiation. Since free neutrons travel a mean distance d kpc−1 = 9.2 (E EeV−1) before decaying, a neutron flux in the EeV range could be detected on Earth from sources of UHECRs in our Galaxy. Using cosmic-ray data from Phase I of the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we search for neutron fluxes from Galactic candidate sources. We select more than 1000 objects of astrophysical interest, stacking them into target sets. The targets all have decl. within the exposure of the Observatory, ranging from −90° up to +45° for energies above 1 EeV (and up to +20° for energies down to 0.1 EeV). Given that a neutron air shower is indistinguishable from a proton one, there is a significant background due to cosmic rays. A neutron flux from the direction of a candidate source would be identified by a celestial density of events that significantly exceeds the expected density of cosmic rays for that direction. No significant excess is found at any tested target direction, and an upper limit on the neutron flux is calculated for each candidate source.