Empowering Minds through virtual reality: new directions for cognitive and social enhancement in schizophrenia

Abstract

This review explores the potential of Virtual Reality (VR) as an adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia, focusing on its applications in cognitive rehabilitation. Studies examining effects on attention, memory, executive functions, social cognition, and Theory of Mind are reviewed, alongside discussions on VR’s role in innovative rehabilitative programs and future research directions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed. The primary search included the terms “Virtual Reality,” “Schizophrenia,” “Psychosis,” while the secondary search refined the scope with “Cognition,” “Cognitive Rehabilitation,” and “Social Cognition.” The search identified 72 records in the primary phase and 18 in the secondary, revealing growing research interest. Findings indicate that VR interventions can enhance cognitive and social functions, with high user satisfaction and minimal cybersickness. However, challenges related to accessibility, usability, and feasibility remain. Future studies should optimize VR protocols, evaluate long-term effects, and address ethical considerations to ensure the effectiveness and safety of VR-based interventions.