Enhancing Physical Activity in Health-Impaired Individuals Through Telecoaching: A Systematic Review of Evidence and Practical Applications

Abstract

Background Increasing physical activity (PA) levels among people with disabilities requires innovative and accessible interventions. Telecoaching (TC) represents an innovative training approach that uses technological and digital tools, including computers, mobile devices, video tutorials, and training manuals, to remotely manage and deliver training programs. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of the TC across various functional limitations and health conditions, providing practical insights into its applications for promoting PA in various populations. Methods This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following databases were utilized to analyse the scientific literature: Scopus, NLM PubMed, and Web of Science. Included studies examined the effects of TC on individuals with different functional limitations and health conditions. Quality assessment was conducted using an adapted version of the "Downs and Black Checklist". Results A total of 17 articles involving 1469 individuals (sample sizes 5-343) met inclusion criteria TC intervention ranged from 8 to 36 weeks. Quality assessment rated studies from "fair"to "excellent."TC training was associated with improvements in quality of life, physical activity levels, physical fitness, exercise tolerance. Conclusion TC is a safe, effective, and injury-free modality for secondary prevention. Future studies should identify optimal duration (in weeks), frequency (sessions per week), and intensity of TC training, and expand evaluation across a broader range of functional limitations and health conditions.