Euler integral as a source of chaos in the three–body problem

Abstract

In this paper we address, from a purely numerical point of view, the question, raised in Pinzari (2019), Pinzari (2020), and partly considered in Pinzari (2020), Di Ruzza et al. (2020), Chen and Pinzari (2021), whether a certain function, referred to as “Euler Integral”, is a quasi-integral along the trajectories of the three-body problem. Differently from our previous investigations, here we focus on the region of the “unperturbed separatrix”, which turns to be complicated by a collision singularity. Concretely, we reduce the Hamiltonian to two degrees of freedom and, after fixing some energy level, we discuss in detail the resulting three-dimensional phase space around an elliptic and an hyperbolic periodic orbit. After measuring the strength of variation of the Euler Integral (which are in fact small), we detect the existence of chaos closely to the unperturbed separatrix. The latter result is obtained through a careful use of the machinery of covering relations, developed in Gierzkiewicz and Zgliczyński (2019), Zgliczynski and Gidea (2004), Wilczak and Zgliczynski (2003).