Analysis of the Second Derivative of the PPG Signal as Indicator of Vascular Aging †

Abstract

The second derivative of the photoplethysmographic signal presents five relevant points that provide information about the structural properties of arteries. This study investigates the ratio between the amplitude of the d wave (end of systole) and the a wave (beginning of systole) as a potential indicator of vascular aging. The research combines an in vitro study on silicone models with different stiffness and an in vivo study on volunteers aged between 26 and 63 years. The results show a strong negative correlation between the d/a ratio and arterial stiffness, confirming the potential of this parameter as a noninvasive index for assessing vascular health status.