Green Tourism Competitiveness in Italian Provinces

Abstract

This study examines changes in green tourism competitiveness across Italian provinces between 2017-2019 and 2021-2023. Using spatial Shift-Share analysis and a Continuation Ratio Mixed-Effect Model, the research identifies shifts in provincial performance and the factors influencing competitiveness. Results highlight a decline in well-known destinations and improvements in lesser-known areas. The analysis reveals that both demand and supply factors, such as reduced air pollution and the presence of protected areas, positively influenced green tourism competitiveness, while provinces with high foreign tourism flows faced challenges in improving their position.