On the Use of Water-Based Nanofluids in Buildings HVAC Systems: a Simulative Study on Energy Savings and Indoor Comfort Potential

Abstract

Nanofluids, known for their enhanced thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties, present a promising alternative to traditional fluids. This study explores the potential of water-based nanofluids containing CuO and Al2O3 nanoparticles as replacements for conventional heat exchange fluids in HVAC systems. Detailed modeling of HVAC systems were conducted using EnergyPlus to evaluate energy consumption in a reference building, while maintaining optimal indoor comfort conditions, by comparing the performance of configurations incorporating the thermophysical properties of CuO and Al2O3 nanoparticles against a conventional fluid configuration. Preliminary results show improvements in heat transfer efficiency and energy savings, with variations based on nanoparticle type and concentration. Nanofluids exhibit higher thermal conductivity, leading to better energy performance depending on the working conditions, such as temperature and concentration. The outcomes of this preliminary study highlight the potential of nanofluids to maintain stable and uniform temperatures. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on nanofluids in HVAC applications, suggesting that water-based nanofluids could enhance the energy efficiency and sustainability of building systems.