National Trends in Total Cholesterol Obscure Heterogeneous Changes in HDL and non-HDL Cholesterol and total-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio: A Pooled Analysis of 458 Population-Based Studies in Asian and Western Countries
- Authors: Taddei, C; Zhou, B; Bixby, H; Danaei, G; Di Cesare, M; Kuulasmaa, K; Hajifathalian, K; Bentham, J; Bennett, JE; Aekplakorn, W; Cifkova, R; Dallongeville, J; DeBacquer, D; Giampaoli, S; Gudnason, V; Khang, Y-O; Laatikainen, T; Mann, JI; Marques-Vidal, P; Mensah, GA; Müller-Nurasyid, M; Ninomiya, T; Petkeviciene, J; RodrÃguez-Artalejo, F; Servais, J; Söderberg, S; Stavreski, B; Wilsgaard, T; Zdrojewski, T; Zhao, D; Stevens, GA; Savin, S; Cowan, Mj, Riley, LM; Ezzati, M; Adams, R; Aekplakorn, W; Ahrens, W; Amouyel, P; Amuzu, A; Anderssen, SA; Ariansen, I; Arveiler, D; Aspelund, T; Auvinen, A; Avdicová, M; Banach, M; Bandosz, P; Banegas. JR; Barbagallo, CM; Bata, I; Baur, LA; Beaglehole, R; Bennet, JE; Bernotiene, G; Bi, Y; Bienek,, A; Björkelund, C; Bo, S; Boehm, BO; Bonaccio, M; Bongard, V; Borchini, R; Borghs, H; Breckenkamp, J; Brenner, H; Bruno, G; Busch, MA; CabreradeLeón, A; Capuano, V; Casanueva, FF; Casas, J-P; Caserta, CA; Censi, L; Chen, F; Chen, S; Chirlaque, M-D; Cho, B; Cho, Y; Chudek, J; Cifkova, R; Claessens, F; Clarke, J; Clays, E; Cooper, C; Costanzo, S; Cottel, D; Cowell C; Crujeiras, AB; Cui, L; D'Arrigo, G; Dallongeville, J; Dauchet, L; De Backer, G; De Bacquer, D; de Gaetano, G; De Henauw, S; De Smedt, D; Dennison, E; Desschamps, V; Di Castelnuovo, A; Dobson, AJ; Donfrancesco, C; Döring, A; Doua, K; Drygas, W; Du, Y; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E; Eggertsen, R; Ekelund, U; Elousa, R; Eriksson, JG; Evans, A; Faeh, D; Felix-Redondo, FJ; Fernández-Bergés, D; Ferrari, M; Ferrieres, J; Finn, JD; Forslund, A-S; Forsner, M; Frontera, G; Fujita, Y; Gaciong, Z; Galvano, F; Gao, J; Garcia-de-la-Hera, M; Garnett, SP; Gaspoz, J-M; Gasul, L; M; Gates, L; Giampaoli, S; Gianfagna, F; Gill, TK; Giovannelli, J; Goltzman, D; GonzalezGross, M; Gottrand, F; Graff-Iversen, S; Grafnetter, D; Gregor, RD; Grodzicki, T; Grosso, G; Gruden, G; Gu, D; Guallar-Castillón, P; Gudmundsson, EF; Gudnason, V; Guessous, I; Gunnlaugsdottir J; Gutzwiller, F; Hardy, R; Hata, J; Haugsgjerd, T; Hayes, AJ; He, H; He, Y; Herrala, S; Hihtaniemi, IP; Hobbs, M; Hopman, WM; Huerta, JM; Huybrechts, I; Iacoviello, L; Iannone, AG; Ikeda, N; Iwasaki, M; Jackson, R; Jamrozi, K; Janszky, I; Jarvelin, M-R; Jasienska, G; Jennings, G; Jeong, S-L; Jiang, CQ; Joffres, M; Jokelainen, JJ; Jonas, JB; Jóźwiak, J; Kajantie, EO; Kauhanen, K; Keil, U; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S; Kersting, M; Khang, Y-H; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U; Kiechl, S; Kim, J; Kim, Y-Y; Klumbiene, J; Knoflach, M; Ko, S; Kolle, E; Korpelainen, R; Koskinen, S; Kouda, K; Kratzer, W; Kriemler, S; Krokstad, S; Kujala,UM; Kurjata, P; Kuulasmaa, K; Laatikainen, T; Lam, TH; Lanska, V; Lappas , G; Laugsand, LE; Lee, J; Lehtimäki, T; Li, Y; Lilly, C; Lin, X; Lind, L; Lissner, L; Liu, J; Lopez-Garcia, E;Lorbeer, R; Lozano, JE; Luksiene, D; Lundqvist, A; Lundqvist, R; Lytsy, P; Ma, G; Machi, S; Maggi, S; Magliano, DJ; Mann, JI; Manzato, E; Marques-Vidal, P; Mathiesen, EB; McLachlan, S; McLean, RM; Meirhaeghe, A; Metcalf, P; Mi, JM; Miller, JC; Moreno, LA; Morin, S; Mossakowska, M; Muiesan, ML; Müller-Nurasyid, M; Mursu, J; Nakamura, H; NámeÅ¡ná, J; Navarrete-Muñoz, EM; Neal, WA; Nenko, I; Niiranen, T; Ning, G; Ninomiya, T; Noale, M; Norie, S; Noto, Davide; O’Neill, T; O'Reilly, D; Oh, K; Olafsson, O; Paccaud, F; Pajak, A; Palmieri, L; Panza, F; Parnell, WR; Peltonen, M; Peters, A; Petersmann, A; Petkeviciene, J; P Pigeot, I; Pilotto, L; Piwonska, A; Pedro Plans-Rubió, P; Porta, M; Price, JF; Puder, JJ; Puhakka, SE; Radisauskas, R; Raitakari, O; Ramos, R; Redon, J; Rigo, F; RodrÃguez-Artalejo, F; Rodriguez-Perez, MdC; Romaguera, D; Ronkainen, K; Rosengren, A; Roy, JGR; Ruidavets, JB; Rutkowski, M; Salanave, B; Salmeron, D; Salomaa, V; Salonen, JT; Salvetti, M; Sans, S; Saramies, JL; Saum, K-U; Scheidt-Nave, C; Schienkiewitz, A; Schipf, S; Schmidt, CO; Schottker, B; Sebert S; Sen, A; Servais, J; Shaw, JE; Shibuya, K; Shin, DO; Shiri, R; Simons, J; Simons, LA; Sjostrom,
- Publication year: 2020
- Type: Articolo in rivista
- OA Link: http://hdl.handle.net/10447/416986
Abstract
Background: Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non- HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. Methods: We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. Results: Since 1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at 0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as 0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to 26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. Conclusions: HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.