Exploring Quality of Life, Body Image and Sexual Satisfaction in Intersex Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate quality of life and body image among adolescents and adults with variations in sexual characteristics (VSC). It will analyse the experiences of intersex people and those with VSC concerning self-perception, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life at different life stages, with a focus on the relationship between body image and quality of life. A systematic search was conducted using the new Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Articles were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases from January 2006 to August 2024. After identifying 1084 scientific articles, 26 studies were included. The data on quality of life indicate a trend similar to that of the general population. However, studies examining body image and sexual satisfaction reveal findings specific to the intersex population. This review shows that the variable of body image has a significant impact on intersex youth and adult individuals and those with VSC. Even though their responses vary, many individuals report dissatisfaction with sex-related body parts. Understanding the impact that self-representation of one's body image has on sexual relationships and overall quality of life can support the development of new interventions aimed at developing a satisfactory body perception for intersex individuals. These interventions could help individuals experience their bodies more comfortably, thereby enhancing the overall well-being of intersex adolescents and adults and those with VSC.