To Enhance the Aerodynamic Power Efficiency of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: Proposing Morphing Strategies for Variable Wind Speed

Abstract

This study investigates the aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs), focusing on a novel dual-airfoil morphing mechanism for H-type Darrieus turbines. By leveraging the aerodynamic benefits of two distinct airfoil profiles, the proposed design adapts dynamically to varying wind speeds, enhancing overall efficiency. The methodology includes airfoil selection and aerodynamic analysis using the Double Multiple Stream Tube (DMST) model, simulated in QBlade software. The numerical model was validated against established benchmark data, confirming its accuracy. Key findings reveal that among all tested airfoils, the NACA 64(2)-415 airfoil achieves the highest power coefficient at low wind speeds, while the FX 84-W-127 airfoil performs optimally at higher wind speeds. Inspired by biomimetic principles, a morphing strategy and mechanism is proposed to transition seamlessly between these two profiles and enable broader operational adaptability. This innovative approach demonstrates significant potential for improving the energy capture efficiency and viability of VAWTs, contributing to the advancement of renewable wind energy technologies.