Root architectural traits of rooted cuttings of two fig cultivars: Treatments with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi formulation

Abstract

Many fruit tree species develop symbioses relationships with mycorrhizal fungi by which they improve their efficiency in water and nutrient uptake and, in turn, increase their vegetative growth and productivity, particularly under stressful environments. These benefits origin from the effects that mycorrhizal determined on the root architecture, morphology and physiology. Usually, few attentions has been devoted to the tree root structure and function, especially, in fig plants during their growth phase in the nursery. Recently, several root traits or phenes have been reported as fundamental for the root functions such as the root length ratio (plant's potential for the exploitation of soil resources); root mass ratio (allocation traits); the root fineness and tissue density (structural traits); the root very fine, fine and coarse (functional traits). Aim of the study was to test the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the root architecture traits of self-rooted cuttings of two fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars: Dottato and Natalese. The root architecture traits were evaluated by image analysis system (WinRHIZO). Single root traits and rooting architecture models were statistically tested by univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively. This study confirmed that also the Ficus carica was positively responsiveness to the mycorrhizal inoculation but with cultivar-dependent patterns. Further, the fig with coarse root architecture is more responsive to the fungi inoculation and the AMF induced different root architecture models in Natalese and Dottato suggesting diverse root strategies for exploiting the soil resources.