Analysis of Volcanic CO₂ Emissions Using Next-Generation Satellite Hyperspectral Data

Abstract

The present work explores advanced methods to detect and estimate volcanic carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from degassing plumes and fumarole fields using hyperspectral data acquired by satellite and airborne sensors. Considering well established algorithms such as Continuum Interpolated Band Ratio (CIBR), Matched Filter (MF) and Imaging Mapping Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (IMAP-DOAS), the study introduces innovative approaches to leverage the high spectral resolution of satellite sensors like the ASI satellite mission PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) launched in 2019, and operating in the Visible and Near-InfraRed (VNIR) and Short-Wave InfraRed (SWIR) spectral ranges. Quantification of the CO₂ columnar content relies on the analysis of CO2 absorption features in the range 1950-2150 nm. Specifically, the PRISMA channels used for the CIBR method are at: 1984.6 nm, 2061.0 nm and 2143.3 nm. The goal is to produce high-resolution maps of CO₂ concentration and flux, improving current accuracy standards, to support the volcanic monitoring and to investigate degassing processes and their climatic implications.