Focus on functional delayed central sleep apnea following cervical laminectomy. An example of respiratory dysfunction in restorative neurosurgical procedures

Abstract

In sleep-related breathing disorders, sleep apnea is a clinical symptom that can be categorized as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or mixed apnea by analysis using poly-somnography. The occurrence of delayed central sleep apnea (CSA) is an extremely rare complication of cervical laminectomy for spondylotic myelopathy. So far only three studies concerning such an event have been reported in the literature. Naim-ur-Rahman, in 1994, reported a case of postoperative CSA following C3-C6 laminectomy, and Visocchi and colleagues, in 2014, in two studies, stressed the lack of association with any other neurological sign of spinal cord damage. No definitive mechanism has been recognized so far for delayed CSA after cervical laminectomy. A transient dysfunction of the reticulo-spinal fibers directed to the nucleus of the phrenic nerve can be speculated, although neither emidiaphragm paralysis, nor any prominent nocturnal sleep- related disorders are associated with this delayed CSA.