Mediterranean diet and longevity

Abstract

The world average life expectancy has increased remarkably in the past century and continues to increase relentlessly. A long life is desirable but best if lived in good physical and mental health. Among the various dietary patterns, a large body of research data suggest that the traditional dietary habits and lifestyle unique to the Mediterranean region are associated with lower incidence of chronic diseases and improve longevity. Starting with the first data from the Seven Countries Study, numerous observational, prospective, and trial-based investigations in different populations have thereafter supported the benefits of adhering to the Mediterranean dietary pattern regarding reduced mortality, and prevention and treatment of age-associated chronic disorders, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, some types of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, hip fractures, and frailty. Furthermore, Mediterranean diet is also sustainable; hence, this intangible heritage configures a healthy way of eating and of living in harmony with the environment.